Electrical measuring instrument.



Eatented Aug. 3, 1909. 2 slaETs-smzm: 1.

D. C. JACKSON. LEOTRCAL MBASURING INSTRUMENT. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 5, 1905. EBNEWBD .TUNE 21, 1909.

D. G. JACKSO.

ELECTRICAL v1\IEASUR11\IG INSTRUMENT. APPLIOATION rum) JUNE 5, 1905. RENEWED JUNE 21, 1909.

929,854. Patented Aug.3,1909.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

. I Winesse: O Invennr Ilggal-d Enlacksun @lllllllll DUGALD C. JACKSON, OF MADISON, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR TO DUGLD C. JACKSON AND WILLIAM D. JACKSON, Ol" MADISON, WISCONSIN, A COPARTNERSHIP.

ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSEIILUWL'ENT.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 3, 1909.

Application filed June 5, 1905, Serial No. 263,689. Renewed June 2l, 1909. Serial No. 508,425.

To all whom 'it may concern: v

lle it known that l, DooALn C. JACKSON,

a citizen of the linited States, residingat Madison, in the county of Dane and State oi Wisconsin, have inrented a certain new and useful lniprovt-anent in Electrical Measurinp` Instruments, of which the following is a i'ull` clear, concise,` and exact description, reference being' had to the aceonr panying drawings. toriniingY a part of this .spia'iieatioir lily invention relates to electrical measuriuph instruments and particularly to an arrangement tor phase adjustment; for use in connection with electrical instruments intended for alternatingl eurraitcircuits, for instance sueli as' a mercury nieter described in niv *co-pending application, Serial No. 224.37() tiled September ll, V190i` For Suitable operation ot' nieters oi this kind it necessary to overl-orne or neutralize the etl'ect of the sell" inductanee oi the pressure eoil to bring; the current in the eoil`into phase with the pressure in the main circuit. is described in this eo-pendin;- application, suitable. means tor bringing the Current in the pressure coil into phase with the niain circuit pressure consists in introducing, in eti'eet, an additional eleetroniotive force into the coil circuit` ol such phase that the re sultant pressure causing' the currentl ilow is brought. into lan appropriate position to Iaus-e the current iiow in the coil to be in phase with the inain line pressure. ln this cti-pending application l have described the zgeneral principle and illustrated it by a diagram, and have also explained eertain specific arrangements where a condenser is l used to ,give the etl'ecl oi intr-odia,in;Y the special pressure. ln the present ajpliczdion,y however, l illustrare and describe a transforiner arrangement for :uroinplishing proper phase adjustment. yl`his phase :djusring; ineans ot' in v invention con` oij a transformer having` its secoialarv winding' connected in bridge of the whole oi part olf a resistance included seriali),Y in the circuit ol" the pressure coil ot the nieter^ the primary winding` ot the trznistoriner being' izufluded in a circuit connected in bridge of the inain line liinbs and including the wirulinpy oi' a seit' inductive device which has an open inap'- netie circuit. The seit' indnclianee ot' the inductive device causes a large lap' et the current in the primary windinbi` ot the translornier with a corresponding position of the eleetroniotive force induced in the secondary coil, and the secondary pressure is impressed across an appropriate partof the resistance in the pressure coil circuit so that the effective pressure in the circuit of the pressureV coil comes into such position thaty the Current in the pressure coil tiows in phase with the niain line pressure.

l i3' invention will be best understood with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which- Figure l a plan view of a meter. Fig. is an elevation view thereof. Fig. 3 is an elevation view o'l" a nieter in which iny i11- vention is employed.y parts beingshown in Section, and Fig'. l a diagrannnatie illustration of the phase adjusting' results.

yl`he construction oi the meter is the saine as that described in the above referred to cri-pending application, and consists of two hollow iron disk nienibers l and 2 fitting together to torni a cylindrical chamber 3. each ot1 these disk members being' slotted to `forni au annular chamber i 'ior receiving the pressure winding The chamber 23 is' filled with mercury (l and a suitable filling T is disposed so as to prevent contact of the mercury with the pressure coil or its escape troni the containing' -chaniber. The parts l. and are connected together by bolts or screws 8. 'lhe armature disk J is of amalgainated copper mounted on a spindle 10, which spindle is pivoted at its lower end in an adjustable screw ll pas;-;i1i; through the lower half L, and the upper end ot the spindle engages an adjustable pivot screw l2, a. worin i3, on the spindle engaging with gear-Y ing mechanism il ot' a recording train in a inauncr well known in the art. The arinature disk is entirely linnncrsed in the niercur'v, and the weight oli the spindle and the rctazdinp; disk lo mounted thereon is sufticienl toounteract the buoyant etl'ect of the ine- (lne otl the external circuit electrodty i i passes through the upper plate l near the periphery ot the armature disk where il univ expand into an arnalgainated copper band li/ surrounding the periphery ot the disk. rllhe, other electrode 1T of the external circuit passes through .the lower halt 2, its namalgamated endl approaching the nielcr disk near its axis-and this eleorode niav also terminate in a copper band lT disposed coneentri{all}Y about the spindle below the disk. Both the electrodes are in contact with the mercury but insulated from the iron case shown. The electrode ring 16 in annular grooves 18 and against the insulating filling 7 that protects the pressure coil.

rlhe pressure coil 5 surrounding the periphery of the meter disk is connected across the conductors a. and of the external circuit fed .from a source of current c. rfhis pressure coil upon energization will set up a magnetic field which' passes transversely throu gh the mercury chamber and armature disk, andthe current of the niain'circuit will flow from. theone electrode 'to the other radially through the' disk. The combined effect of this transverse magnetic field and radial current is to set up a rotative torque on the disk which is proportional to the product of pressure and current (watts) Vin the main circuit. For properly controlling.

the rotation of the disk the retarding .disk 15 is spanned by the dampingl magnet 22.

To accomplish proper operation'of theI meter it is necessary that the current through the pressure coil be in phase with the pressure in the main circuit. This condition, however, is not normally present when the meter is associated with an alternating current circuit, and, broadly, to establish this condition auxiliary means must be employed which in effect will introduce an additional electromotive force into the pressure coil circuit of such phase that the resultant pressure causing the current flow is brought into an appropriate position so as to bring the current flow in phase with the main line pressure.. Diagrammatically this is illustrated in Fig. 4 in which the line O, B represents the phase of the main circuitpressure. Line O, A represents the phase of the current in the pressure coil which would normally exist, and line A, B represents the phase relationot the auxiliary means which may be introduced in order that the resultantpressure causing the currentfiow in the coil be brought into'al'ipropriate position to cause the current flow through the pressure.

to be in phase with the main line pressure- The auxiliary phase adjusting means consists of transfgn'mer and inductance mechanism associated ,with the pressure coil circuit. The pressure coil circuit includes a high resistance B for regulating the current flow therethrough,.aiul about. a suitable part. r of thisresistancc is bridged the secondary windl ing s of the tanstormer T. The primary winding 7) of this transformer is included in the circuitv (l connected between the main limbs c and b and including the winding fw of the self inductance. device I. The magnetic circuit m for this winding to is open at the gapg. The self inductance of this inductive .device causes a large lag-of the current in the primary )vinding of the transformer with a corresponding position of the electro` motive force induced in the secondary coil. The secondary pressure is impressed on the resistance li and the effect is to introduce additional electronioiire force into the pressure coil circuit oftI such phasev that the current flow through the coil-is in phase with the main lille pressure. ln other words, referringto the diagram in Fig. 4, the phase relation caused by the transformer adjustiiui 75 mechanism and represented by line A, l so modifies the phase relation of the coil alone,

as represented by line as to cause` the current tiow through the pressure coil to be in phase with the main line pressure.. To .extend the operation of this phase adjustingl mechanism over a wider range of 'frequencies the mechanism may be adjustably arranged as shown so that the part r of theresistance bridged about the secondary winding of the transformer may be varied and also that the `t1umber of turns of the winding w included in circuit may be varied. 'l`o overcome the frictional effect of the mercury, the registering train and other parts ofthe meter, compensating means may be employed, here shown in the form of a compensating coil if). This compensating coil may have a proper number-of ampere turns of fine wire connected across the terminals of a shunt 20 95 included serially in the main limb a. By means of the adjustable resistance 21 the current through this compensating coil may be adjusted. l thus provide a. very simple and efficient means for establishing the proper phase relation between the current. flowing through the pressure coil and the main circuit pressure, which means is adjustable over a Wide range of operation. l do not Wish to be limited to the adaptation of this adjusting` means to a mercury meter as herein shown as this manner of adjusting phase relations may be employed with equal facility and advantage to many other electrical instruments or devices intended for operation on alternating current circuits.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. The combination with an alternating current mainline circuit, of an electrical vmeasuring instrument., a movable element for said instrument, the main current flow of the circuit being associated directly and serially with said. movable.elemcnt,'a pres- 120 sure field coil forsaid movablel element con? nected directly -m bridge of the main line` slimbs, and electromagnetic means associated with the circuit of said pressure coil whereby,- t the current through said coil is caused to be, in phase with the pressure of the main line i circuit. 1

2. The combination with an alternating current main line-circi`lt, of a measuring instrument associated therewith, a movable se ies path through said movable element ine-iuricdHi-n amain .li-ne iiinb, a pressure tield coil 'for said niorable'eleznei'it minnectetfi in brii'ge ofthe line limbs, `a transformer associattal'witii the circuit through said pressnre'coil, and iinluctancc means cooperating with said transformer to modity the current ille-w .through said pressure coil to bring -id-cu-rrci-it into phase with the uiaiii line pressure.

2S. l'l`lie con'ibination with an alternating current main line circuit', of an electrical measuring instrument associated therewith, a movable element for said instrument, a series-field for saidl movable element, a pressure'winding for said movable element connectedirn bridge of the main line limbs, a resistance in the pressure winding circuit, a transformer haring a secondary winding bridged about part of said resistance, the primary winding ot' said transformer being connected in bridge ot the main line limbs, and seit inductance ,included in the transformer primary circuit.

si. IThecombinzition with an alternating current main line circuit, of an electrical measuring instrument associated therewith, a movable element for said instrument', a series field for said movable element connected serially in the main line circuit, a pressure winding for said instrument connected in bridge of the main line limbs, a resistance in said pressure winding circuit, a transformer having one winding associated with part oi' said resistance, the other winding of' said transformer being connected in bridge of the main linc limbs, and means `for varying the inductaiicc ot the circuit including the other transformer circuit,

5. The combination with an alternating current main line circuit, ot' a meter associated therewith. a lmovable element f'or said meter, a series field for said movable element` a pressure field winding associated with said movable elementv and connected in bridge of.' the main line limbs, a resistance in the pressure winding circuit, a transformer haring a secondary winding adapted for connection in bridge of' part of said resistance, the circuit ot said transformer heilig connected in bridge ot' the main liuc,4 limbs, and an inductance device included in the primary circuit tor varying the amount of seit" induction in said circuit, said transformer and inductance device cooperating to modify thc current through the pressure coil whereby said current is in phase with the main line pressure.

The combination with an alternating current main line circuit, of a meter associated therewith,- a movable. element for said meter, a series field circuit` for said meter included serially in the main line circuit, a pressure field winding associated with said movable element and connected in bridge of' the main linel limbs, a resistance in said pressure winding circuit, a transformer-having a secondary winding adapted for connection across any part of said resistance, the primary circuit ot said transformer being connected in bridge oi the main line liu-ibs, a seit' iin-luction coil included in said primary circuit, and means for raY g the sell induction of said coil, said transformer and coil cooperating to cause the current iiow through said pressure winding to be in phase with the pressure t the main line circuit.

l'. The combination with an alternating` current main line circuit, ot' a meter associated therewith, a movable element for said meter, :i series field path through said meter associated with said movable element, a pressure lield winding associated with said morable element and connected in bridge of the main line limbs, and an auXiiary phaselniodifyn'ig circuit inductively associated with the pressure winding circuit to cause the current flowfthrougli the pressure winding to be in phase with the main circuit winding.

A5.1'l`he combination with an alternatingr current main line circuit. of-a meter associated therewith, a movable element for said meten-:1 series field path through said meter associatedwith said movable element, a pressure fieldwvinding associated-with said morable element-and connected in bridge of the' main line limbs, an auxiliary phase modifying circuit inductively associated with the pressure win ling circuit to anse the current iiow through the pressure winding to be in phase with the main circuit winding, said phase modifying circuit including inductancc. and means for varying said inductance.

t). The combination with an alternating current main line circuit. of a meter associated therewith, a movable element for said meter, a series field path for said meter, a pressure field winding for said meter connected in bridge ot' the main line limbs, a. resistance. included iu said pressure winding circuit, and a phase modifying circuit inductively associated with said resistance for lausing the current through said pressure winding to be in phase with the main line pressure, said phase modifying circuit being connected in bridge oiE the main line limbs and containing self inductance.

l0. The combination with an alternating current main line circuit, ot' a mercury meter associated therewith, a movable clement for saidmeter` said movable element. being included serially in a limb of said main line circuit, a pressure winding for said meter connected in bridge of the main line limbs, und a phase modifying circuit indnctively associated with the pressure winding circuit i'or causing the current through thel pressure winding to be in phase with the mam line pressure, said phase modifying circuit being shaped to form a mercury chamber for saidl movable element, said movable element belng included seriallyv 1n one limb of said main line circuit, a pressure field Winding A tor saidlield 4frame connected in bridge of the main linelimbs, a resistance in the ressure winding circuit, and a phase modi ying circuit inductively associated with said resistanee for causing the current flow through said pressure Winding to be in phase with the main line pressure, said phase modifying circuitbeing connected in bridge of the main lline limbs and containing self inductance.

12. The combination with an alternating current main linecircuit, of a mercury meter associated therewith, a movable element for said meter, a field frame forming a mercury chamber for said movable element, said movable element being included serially in one limb of the main line circuit, a pressure eld winding for energizing said field frame and connected in bridge ofthe main line limbs, a

resistance in the pressure Winding circuit7 a transformen having a secondary Winding adapted for connection 1n bridge of any part of said resist-ance, the primary clrcult for said transformer being connectedin bridge of the main line limbs, and means for introducing variable amounts of self inductance into said primary circuit.

13. The combination with an alternating current main line circuit, of a mercury meter associated therewith, a movable element for said meter in the form of a disk, a field frame forming a mercury chamber for said movable element, the current lioW through said main line circuit being caused to flow through said movable element between the center and the periphery thereof, a pressure field Winding for causing magnetic How transversely through said movable element and connected in bridge of the main line limbs, a resistance in said circuit, a transformer having a secondary Winding con-A nected in bridge of part of said resistance, the primary circuit of said transformer being connected in bridge of the main line limbs, and means `for introducing variable amounts of self inductance into'said primary circuit.

In Witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this second day of June A. D., 1905.

DUGALD C. JACKSON.

VVit-nesses: i

`WM. B'. JACKSON,

DoRaE. CASEY. 

